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August 10, 2026

AI in the Workplace: Can an Algorithm Assess Employees’ Stress?

Modern technologies, and in particular artificial intelligence systems, are increasingly present in the workplace and are being used for various purposes. At the same time, their use raises important questions concerning the protection of personal data, privacy and the dignity of employees. In this regard, this article analyses the decision of the Italian data protection authority (“Garante”) of May 2026, concerning the use of an AI tool to analyse messages exchanged by employees for the purpose of assessing their level of stress at work. The decision is significant as it highlights the limits of the use of AI tools and,...

August 03, 2026

Letter of Intent in M&A Transactions in Serbia: Is an LOI Legally Binding?

Before concluding a final agreement on the sale and purchase of equity interests or shares, participants in an M&A transaction (mergers and acquisitions) usually need to agree on the basic structure of the deal, conduct a legal, financial and tax analysis of the target company, secure financing and obtain the necessary regulatory approvals. Negotiations may therefore last for months and require significant engagement by both parties. A letter of intent (LOI) is used to record the results of negotiations reached up to that point at this early stage and to establish the rules for their continuation. Although an LOI is...

August 02, 2026

Criminal Record Certificates and the Scope of the GDPR: Court Overturns €2 Million Fine Imposed on an Amazon Group Company

Processing personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences is one of the areas in which the GDPR provides for a specific processing regime. Article 10 of the GDPR sets out specific conditions for the processing of such data, which in practice raises questions concerning the scope of this provision. In particular, the question arises as to whether this regime also applies where the data being processed does not indicate that an individual has been convicted, but rather confirms that no such conviction exists. In this context, Audiencia Nacional, i.e. Spain’s National High Court, annulled the decision of the Spanish...

August 01, 2026

Employment of Foreign Nationals in Serbia: What Employers Need to Know

The number of foreign nationals working in Serbia has been steadily increasing in recent years, so an increasing number of employers are encountering the procedure for engaging them for the first time. Although the employment relationship is established through an employment contract, in order for work to commence lawfully, it is necessary to first determine the basis on which the foreign national is exercising the right to reside and work in Serbia. The basis determines the course of the procedure, the obligation to conduct a labor market test, and the documentation that must be submitted. Temporary Residence and Work Permit...

July 31, 2026

Legal Due Diligence – The Importance of Legal Analysis in Business Transactions

Complex business transactions require careful preparation and a detailed analysis of all relevant legal aspects. Whether the transaction involves the acquisition of a company, the entry of an investor, a corporate reorganisation, a joint venture or an asset acquisition, making a business decision without first assessing the legal risks may lead to unforeseen legal and financial consequences. Legal due diligence is a systematic process of collecting, reviewing and analysing legal documentation and other relevant information relating to a company or another subject matter of a transaction. Its primary purpose is to identify existing and potential legal risks, enabling the parties...

July 30, 2026

Employer’s Freedom of Decision-Making and the Limits of Judicial Review of Its Decisions

The application of employment regulations by employers raises an important question: where is the boundary between an employer’s autonomy in decision-making and the court’s authority to review such decisions? Mandatory provisions must undoubtedly be applied in day-to-day practice, as well as when deciding on employees’ rights, duties and responsibilities. At the same time, however, the Labor Law allows employers freedom to independently decide on the organization of work, in accordance with the type of entity, the activity they perform, their needs, the number of employees and other relevant circumstances. What does Employer Autonomy Mean?  Employer autonomy is reflected, among other...

July 29, 2026

Sound Trademarks: Can a Voice Be Protected as a Trademark?

Although still a rarity, a trademark can also protect a sign consisting of sounds, subject to the general conditions for trademark registration: the capacity to distinguish, in the course of trade, the goods or services of one natural or legal person from the goods or services of another natural or legal person, and the possibility of being represented in the Trademark Register in a manner that enables the competent authorities and the public to determine clearly and precisely the subject matter of the protection. Sound Trademarks in Serbia - an Unprecedented Rarity According to information from publicly available registers, only...

July 15, 2026

Changes in Consumer Protection Regulations: What Rights Do Consumers Have in the Event of a Trader’s Unfair Commercial Practice?

On 1 August 2026, the new Consumer Protection Law will begin to apply, introducing significant changes in the field of consumer protection against unfair commercial practices of traders. For the sake of reminder, an unfair commercial practice is a commercial practice of a trader that is contrary to the requirements of professional diligence and that materially distorts or is likely to materially distort the economic behavior of the average consumer with regard to the product to which that practice relates. In addition to introducing new forms of unfair commercial practice, the new Law grants consumers new rights, while at the...

June 30, 2026

Employee Liability for Damage Caused to the Employer – Labour Law and Obligations Law Framework in Serbia

In our previous article, we wrote about the procedure for determining the existence of damage and the employee’s liability for such damage before the employer, as a procedural prerequisite for obtaining a court order obliging the employee to compensate the employer for the damage caused. On that occasion, we referred to the position adopted in case law in the judgment no. Gž1 370/23 dated 2 June 2023, according to which the employer’s claim for compensation of damage caused by an employee must be preceded by proceedings before the employer, which represent a procedural prerequisite for exercising judicial protection in a...

June 29, 2026

GDPR Data Breach Notification: EDPB has Proposed a Standardised Model for Reporting Personal Data Breaches

Within the development of the European data protection framework, there has been an increasingly pronounced trend towards moving from abstractly formulated obligations to their detailed procedural standardisation. This trend is particularly evident in the area of personal data breach notification, where efforts are being made to ensure greater consistency in the actions of controllers and supervisory authorities. In this context, the European Data Protection Board (“EDPB”) launched a public consultation on a Personal Data Breach Notification Model. The purpose of this document is to introduce a harmonised and structured Personal Data Breach Notification Model for notifications submitted to supervisory authorities...

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